Dmidecode reports information about your system's hardware as described in your system BIOS according to the SMBIOS/DMI standard.
This information typically includes system manufacturer, model name, serial number, BIOS version, asset tag as well as a lot of
other details of varying level of interest and reliability depending on the manufacturer. This will often include usage status
for the CPU sockets, expansion slots (e.g. AGP, PCI, ISA) and memory module slots, and the list of I/O ports (e.g. serial, parallel, USB).

DMI data can be used to enable or disable specific portions of kernel code depending on the specific hardware.
Thus, one use of dmidecode is for kernel developers to detect system "signatures" and add them to the kernel source code when needed.